[1980, 2010], 'B' => [1981, 2011], 'C' => [1982, 2012], 'D' => [1983, 2013], 'E' => [1984, 2014], 'F' => [1985, 2015], 'G' => [1986, 2016], 'H' => [1987, 2017], 'J' => [1988, 2018], 'K' => [1989, 2019], 'L' => [1990, 2020], 'M' => [1991, 2021], 'N' => [1992, 2022], 'P' => [1993, 2023], 'R' => [1994, 2024], 'S' => [1995, 2025], 'T' => [1996, 2026], 'V' => [1997, 2027], 'W' => [1998, 2028], 'X' => [1999, 2029], 'Y' => [2000, 2030], '1' => [2001, 2031], '2' => [2002, 2032], '3' => [2003, 2033], '4' => [2004, 2034], '5' => [2005, 2035], '6' => [2006, 2036], '7' => [2007, 2037], '8' => [2008, 2038], '9' => [2009, 2039], ]; // Region by first char (ISO 3779 broad regions). private const REGIONS = [ 'A' => 'Africa', 'B' => 'Africa', 'C' => 'Africa', 'D' => 'Africa', 'E' => 'Africa', 'F' => 'Africa', 'G' => 'Africa', 'H' => 'Africa', 'J' => 'Asia', 'K' => 'Asia', 'L' => 'Asia', 'M' => 'Asia', 'N' => 'Asia', 'P' => 'Asia', 'R' => 'Asia', 'S' => 'Europe', 'T' => 'Europe', 'U' => 'Europe', 'V' => 'Europe', 'W' => 'Europe', 'X' => 'Europe', 'Y' => 'Europe', 'Z' => 'Europe', '1' => 'North America', '2' => 'North America', '3' => 'North America', '4' => 'North America', '5' => 'North America', '6' => 'Oceania', '7' => 'Oceania', '8' => 'South America', '9' => 'South America', ]; // Selected WMI → manufacturer/country. Covers most common European/Asian/US // brands relevant for a Moldova service shop. private const WMI = [ // Volkswagen group 'WVW' => ['VW', 'Germany'], 'WV1' => ['VW Commercial', 'Germany'], 'WV2' => ['VW Bus', 'Germany'], 'WAU' => ['Audi', 'Germany'], 'WA1' => ['Audi SUV', 'Germany'], 'TRU' => ['Audi', 'Hungary'], 'WUA' => ['Audi Sport', 'Germany'], 'VWV' => ['VW', 'Spain'], 'VSS' => ['SEAT', 'Spain'], 'TMB' => ['Škoda', 'Czechia'], // BMW 'WBA' => ['BMW', 'Germany'], 'WBS' => ['BMW M', 'Germany'], 'WBY' => ['BMW i', 'Germany'], 'WBX' => ['BMW X SUV', 'USA'], 'NM0' => ['BMW Mini', 'Turkey'], // Mercedes 'WDB' => ['Mercedes-Benz', 'Germany'], 'WDC' => ['Mercedes-Benz SUV', 'USA'], 'WDD' => ['Mercedes-Benz', 'Germany'], 'WDF' => ['Mercedes-Benz Van', 'Germany'], // Porsche 'WP0' => ['Porsche', 'Germany'], 'WP1' => ['Porsche SUV', 'Germany'], // Opel / Vauxhall 'W0L' => ['Opel', 'Germany'], 'W0V' => ['Opel/Vauxhall', 'Germany'], // Ford '1FA' => ['Ford', 'USA'], '1FT' => ['Ford Truck', 'USA'], '1FM' => ['Ford SUV', 'USA'], 'WF0' => ['Ford Europe', 'Germany'], // Honda '1HG' => ['Honda', 'USA'], 'JHM' => ['Honda', 'Japan'], 'JHL' => ['Honda SUV', 'Japan'], // Toyota 'JT2' => ['Toyota', 'Japan'], 'JTD' => ['Toyota', 'Japan'], 'JTE' => ['Toyota', 'Japan'], '4T1' => ['Toyota', 'USA'], '5TD' => ['Toyota', 'USA'], // Hyundai/Kia 'KMH' => ['Hyundai', 'Korea'], 'KNA' => ['Kia', 'Korea'], 'KND' => ['Kia SUV', 'Korea'], // Renault/Dacia 'VF1' => ['Renault', 'France'], 'VF6' => ['Renault Trucks', 'France'], 'UU1' => ['Dacia', 'Romania'], 'UU3' => ['Dacia Pickup', 'Romania'], // Peugeot/Citroën 'VF3' => ['Peugeot', 'France'], 'VF7' => ['Citroën', 'France'], // Fiat group 'ZFA' => ['Fiat', 'Italy'], 'ZAR' => ['Alfa Romeo', 'Italy'], 'ZFF' => ['Ferrari', 'Italy'], // Volvo 'YV1' => ['Volvo Cars', 'Sweden'], 'YV4' => ['Volvo SUV', 'Sweden'], // Nissan 'JN1' => ['Nissan', 'Japan'], 'JN8' => ['Nissan SUV', 'Japan'], '1N4' => ['Nissan', 'USA'], // Mazda 'JM1' => ['Mazda', 'Japan'], 'JMZ' => ['Mazda', 'Japan'], // Subaru 'JF1' => ['Subaru', 'Japan'], 'JF2' => ['Subaru SUV', 'Japan'], // Mitsubishi 'JMB' => ['Mitsubishi', 'Japan'], 'JA3' => ['Mitsubishi', 'Japan'], // Lada / Russian 'XTA' => ['Lada/AvtoVAZ', 'Russia'], 'X4X' => ['UAZ', 'Russia'], // Tesla '5YJ' => ['Tesla', 'USA'], 'LRW' => ['Tesla', 'China'], // Chinese brands 'LGW' => ['Great Wall', 'China'], 'LJV' => ['JAC', 'China'], 'LSJ' => ['MG/SAIC', 'China'], 'LB1' => ['Geely', 'China'], ]; public function decode(string $raw): array { $vin = preg_replace('/[^A-HJ-NPR-Z0-9]/', '', strtoupper($raw)); if (strlen($vin) !== 17) { return [ 'vin' => $vin, 'valid_length' => false, 'reason' => 'VIN must be exactly 17 characters (no I, O, Q allowed).', ]; } $wmi = substr($vin, 0, 3); $yearCode = $vin[9]; $plant = $vin[10]; [$manufacturer, $country] = self::WMI[$wmi] ?? [null, null]; $region = self::REGIONS[$vin[0]] ?? null; $year = $this->resolveYear($yearCode, $vin); return [ 'vin' => $vin, 'valid_length' => true, 'wmi' => $wmi, 'region' => $region, 'country' => $country, 'manufacturer' => $manufacturer, 'year' => $year, 'plant' => $plant, 'checksum_valid' => $this->validateChecksum($vin), ]; } /** * Position 10 encodes year cyclically. Use position 7 as A-Z → 2010+, 0-9 → pre-2010 * disambiguator for new-spec VINs (since 2010 NHTSA spec). */ private function resolveYear(string $code, string $vin): ?int { if (! isset(self::YEAR_CODES[$code])) return null; [$old, $new] = self::YEAR_CODES[$code]; // Position 7 alpha → post-2010 cycle; numeric → pre-2010 $p7 = $vin[6]; return ctype_alpha($p7) ? $new : $old; } /** * ISO 3779 / NA-spec checksum. Position 9 = mod-11 check digit (X = 10). * Optional — many European/Asian manufacturers don't follow the spec. */ private function validateChecksum(string $vin): bool { $weights = [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 10, 0, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]; $values = [ 'A' => 1, 'B' => 2, 'C' => 3, 'D' => 4, 'E' => 5, 'F' => 6, 'G' => 7, 'H' => 8, 'J' => 1, 'K' => 2, 'L' => 3, 'M' => 4, 'N' => 5, 'P' => 7, 'R' => 9, 'S' => 2, 'T' => 3, 'U' => 4, 'V' => 5, 'W' => 6, 'X' => 7, 'Y' => 8, 'Z' => 9, ]; $sum = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < 17; $i++) { $c = $vin[$i]; $v = ctype_digit($c) ? (int) $c : ($values[$c] ?? null); if ($v === null) return false; $sum += $v * $weights[$i]; } $check = $sum % 11; $expected = $check === 10 ? 'X' : (string) $check; return $vin[8] === $expected; } }